Internal-combustion engine.



No. 861,614. f 'PATENTEL JULY 30, 1907. E. S. SMITH.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIGATIORPILED JULY 16. 1906.

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PATENTED JULY 30, 1907. E. 8. SMITH.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION rum) mm 1a was 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' v 1' VENTOR.

--"" "A TTORNE Y.

. PATENTED JULY 30, 1907.

I j B. s. SMITEL. I INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLIGATION FILED JULY 18, 1.908.

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7 0 9 1 0 3 m J E T N E T A P m M s S INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 16,1906.

4 SHEETS-SHELF 4.

5 JZII ibIZLTOR.

L d1 f" ATTORNEY.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ELME l S. SMITH, ()l" HOUNDBRQOK, NEW JERSEY, ASSltiNOR, BYMESNEASSIGNMENTS, TO DEV/H AUTO UUMPANY, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ACORPORATION OF NEW JERSI'Z Y.

To all whom it may concern: 7

Be it known that 1, Emma S. Snn'rn, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Boundbrook, in the county of Somerset and State iii NewJersey, have invented certain new andnsefnl Improvements inInternal-Conrbustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

Tire invention relates to iinpr-m'cments in internal combustion engines,and it consists in the novel features, arrangements and combinations ofparts hereinalter described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

The object of the invention is to produce an internal combustion engineof maximum economy and high efficiency, and in the use of which unduehating of the cylinders is avoided and the expansive force of the motivefluid utilized to'the maximum degree.

In carrying out my invention, in a preferred form, I provide an enginecomposed of four parallel cylinders containing pistons connected withthe crankshaft and connect the first and fourth cylinders at their upperends by a passage and the second and third cylin- The cn ine thusconstructed and arran cd is rovided with a proper exhaust from each ofthe cylinders, as

- usual, and also with means for admitting air to the ports leading to,say, the third and fourth cylinders and gasolene or other moti've fluidto the ports leading to, say, the first and second cylinders, or forcutting off the air entirely and admitting the motive fluid to theinletports of all the cylinders. 'In the construction described thepistons in the first and fourth cylinders always move in unison and inthe same direction and the pistons in the second and third cylindersalways move in unison and in the same direction.

The pistons within the cylinders cover and uncover the ports leadingthereto and therefrom.

In the use of the engine I admit the gasolene or other mbtive fluid tothe inlet. ports of all the cylinders, when occasion requires or thesameseems desirable. as when an automobile equipped with the engine is beingdriven up a steep incline, and at other times I admit air to onejandgasolene or other motive fluid to the other of a connected pair ofcylinders the air and motive fluid on the ascent of the pistons in saidcylinders being compressed in the upper ends thereof and theSpecification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 16, 1906. 7 Serial N0-326311- crank-shaft.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION EN GINE.

Patented July 30, 1 907.

gasolene being ignited in the upper end of the cylinder to which it wasadmitted. with the result that the heat due to such ignition will extendthrough the passage leading to the other cylinder and effect theexpansion of the air therein, whereby power is generated in the upperends of both cylinders and the istons therein are driven downwardly andimpart their power to. the

I thus charge one cylinder with the gasolene or other moti .e fluid andthe other with air and ignite the said charge of motive fluid, allowingit to act again-t the piston in its cylinder and flow into and comminglewith and expand the air in the other cylinder. In thus employing air inone and gasolene or the like in the other cylinder, I am enabled toutilize the heat of the ignited charge to the maximum degree aspower'and avoid unduly heating the cylinders, the air absorbing andutilizing that part of the heat which is ordinarily wasted anddischarged tluough the exhaust in other types of internal combustionengines known to me.

The invention ,will be fully understood from the detailed descriptionhereinafter presented, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,in which:

Figure l is a front elevation of an internal-combustion four-cylinderengine constructed in accordance with and-embodying my invention; Fig. 2is a vertical transverse section of same on the dotted line 22' of Fig.1; Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of same on the dotted line3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a detached top view of the pipe and valvecasing through which the motive fluid and air" are respectively suppliedto the cylinders; Fig. 5 is a horizontal longitudinal section of same onthe dotted line 55 of Fig. 1, Fig. 6 is a \crtical longitudinal sectionof same on the dotted line 6-6 of Fig. 5 and illustrating the valvepositioned to admit the motive fluid to the left hand cylinders and airto the right hand cylinders, and Fig. 7 is a like view of a detachedportion of same, the valve being positioned to cut off the air supplyand admit the motive fluid to both the left hand and right; handcylinders.

In the drawings, 10, 1'1, 12 and 13 designate the respective cylinders,and 14, 15, Ill and 17 the respective pistons or plungers within saidcylinders and whiclrare by means of pivoted piston rods 18 connectedwith the crank shaft 19 mounted within the lower section 20 of theengine frame and which section forms within 'it a series of air chambers21 respectively connected with the respective cylinders by means ofports 22 (Fig. 2). The cranks for the piston rods of the pistons l5, 16are parallel with and extend in the same direction as each other,- andthe cranks for the pistonrods 18 of the pistons 14, 17 are parallel withand ext nd til the same direetion as each other. as shown itt l iu. iand these several eranks perform their rotation within tltore -peetiveehatnhers 21. I Th t- \'lit tders It). ll. 1;. ll are e uipped withusual .p sp-atkin; or. ignition d viees .31; tFig. 2 and the t d t' lU.lli are at tlteir upper nds eonneeted by a passatre .i-l tl'ig fiwhile'the npper ends of the eylinders H. l. are t'tttlltt'tlt'tl attheir upper ends hy a passage 2-3. the passages ll. "-3 heing formedwithin a easing or 1 tap applied up n the upper ends ol the eylindersand lllt'l't' set'ttt'td it) means (It ttitaltle lt lts L' i tldg. ll.

The eylinders ltt. ll. 12. iii are at a snitahle point provided withe.\hanst ports "7 l ig. 2i leading to a general exhaust pipe 1S seenreilto and extending along said eylinders. and helow the exhaust pipe 23 edwith ittle ports .29 whieh eomnntnieate with a pipe 30 tor the supply ofthe air attd motive llttltl r ior the introdneti n ot' the motive llnidalone. v The pipe 1&0 at its eentral p rtion is formed withja valveeasing; 3| witltitt whieh is mounted a r tary valve 3'2 and into whieh\'al\ which is holl w. is led a pip 32 for the supply t' the air.

The valve 222 is termed itt its periphery with a port, 34 whit-h tn-.t.v he turned ittto litte with the pipe 3H at one side r the other of therenter thereof. as shown i' Fig. G. or t a position in \.'lll('ll saidport 34 shall he closed from eotnntnnieation with either end oi saidpipe. as shown in Fig. 7. p I i The valve 32 is provided with a stem 35upon whieh is set-tired a erank artn lit; to he operated by any snitahlemeans for setting the valve 32 either in th positiott inwhieh it isshown in Fig. 6 admitting air to the right hand end 01' the pipe 30. orin tlt position shown in Fig. 35 T for entting off the air from hothends 'ot' th pipe 30.

It is to he ohserved that the valve 32 when in the position shown inFig. ti will admit air into the right end of the pipe 30 and eat.ot't'any .eotnmnnieation ot' tlte air from thefpipe 33 with the.leithand end of said 40 pipe 30. v

The eotnhnstihle tnotive fluid is admitted to the valve easing S'l fromthe pipe 37. and the position of the valve 32 determines whether themotive finid shall only pass into the left hand 'end of the pipe 30 orinto both ends of said pipe. when the valve 32 is in tlte position shownin Fig. 6 the air is admitted to the right hand end of the pipe 5, andthe motive llnid is at the same titne admitted into th left hand end ofsaid pipe. while when the valve 32 is tnrned to th position shown inFig. .h ntotive llnid may pass freely to hoth ends of the pipeIlttandthe air is entirely ent oil from said pipe. The right handettd'ot' tlte pipe 30 eonnnnni- (ates with t'he inlet ports 29 ot' tlteeylinders l2. l3. (Fig. l) attd the left hand ettd f said pipeeoinntnni- 5 (ates through the ports 29 with the eylinders H). H. (Fig.ltattd in tlte position olth valveit'. shown itt Fig.2. 6 air is admittd to the ports 29 ot' tlte right hand vylind rs 12?. 1 while th m tivellnid i admitted to the ports 2ft l ading to the ylind -rs H). H. Theports 2. l ading into the eylinders from the the eylinders are ionerank-pit ehatnhers 2! ent r said eylind rs at a point a whi h they willhe ttneoverwl when the pistons are in th ir lower p ition. and tht'\'ll:lt|.-| ports 11' are lik wi s disposed that they are ttneoveredwhen the G5 pi tons rea h th ir low r positi n. a shown in Fig. 2.

The potts 27 are greater in width than the ports 2'. s that they heeotnepartly tttn-overed het'ore the p rts The inl t ports 25' are eovered hyth pistons when the lattei are in their lower position. :ttltl n tltepistons are itt their are ntteovered.

they 'heeeme nnt-overed \vlt npper position. \\'hen tlte pistons .tt'ein their upper position they elose hot It the port. .2 and 27 and openthe ports 25 In tlte employment of my invention it is my purp se in oneuse thereot'. to admit air only to the eylittder ill and gasolene orother motive llttid only to tlte eylinder l0. and air alone totheeylinder l2 and the ntotive llnid alone to the cylinder H. the eylindersH. l'. heing eonpled together hy tlte passage 2 attd the eylinders l0,l3 being enttpled together hy the passage it.

The motive tlttid and air admitted to tlte vlin let's l0 ll and 1;. l3respeetively pass thr ugh the inl t pt rts 29 when the pistons moveupwardly and tineover said ports and ov r the ports 1;. .57. and lirstent r tlte t-hatnhers It and then upon the deseent oi thepistonsareeansed to pass upwardly through h p rts '2'. into theeylinders. the motive tlttid and air re.= eeti ely entering theireylinders with some eonsidrahle t'et'ee upon the ttneoverin i the ports.22 hy the ll-st eti pistons tttltl lteitt tlt'ilt' lt l upwardly insaid Q nnh-r detleetors it) provided upon the .lttst pri r to thepistons. on

upper end f the pi tons. their des ent. ttoeoverntg the ports 2;! toadmit the motive ilnid and air. they partly ant-overtlte ehattst port 2ifor tlte diseharg ot' tlte waste ltt'tttlttttfi'l t'ttllt th eylinders.The ttpward sweep of the motive llttid and air aids in (-learing ottltlte waste prodttt'l. fr m the eylindeis. v

'llie perati n ot' the engine will he largely nnderstootl from thedetailed deseription herein u-t'ote presettted. \\'hen the valve 32 isin the position itt \vltieh it is shown in Pitt. 6 tlte air is admittedto the inlets I?" for the eylindets l2. l3 and the motive llnid isadmitted to th inlets 29 for the eylinders l0. ll. said tnotive llnidand air only: entering into tlte ehanthers 2| for said eylinders whenthe pistons tnove upwardly. lit the position of tin-par s shown in Fig.I, eonthttstion is taking plat-e in the eylindet's l0. l3 and motive[laid and air are respeet ively being admitted to the respeetive ehatnhrs'2l for said eylinders. the inlets lit-for the eylinders ll. 12 he ngelos d hy tlte pistons l5. l6. l pon ignitiott akingplaee in thettpperend oi the eylinder it) the heat vpands through the passage 2-!and there isset up a mutual eoar-t ion of the gases from the eylinder liwith the air from the (-ylinder lit. the air xpanding and with the gasesdriving the pistons 1].. IT dotvnwardly for operating the shaft lit. Thedownward movement oi lhe pistons M, 17 takes plat-e with the upward ow:-ntent ot' th pistons l5. l iand ttpotttheirz'trrivingat tlteirttmterposition eonthttst ion will takeplae and the heat -s of theeylinder l I will eomhine with thy air in and ga.

the air may he al'l'eeted hy the heat thtts prodnet-d and ot' theeylinder to whieh the motive fluid is admitteth "filllllttllt' to snehotnhttstion. wh rehy t-eonontv' the eylinder l2 attd el'l'eel thedownward movement of T employment. ml the eylinders in pairs and theeonnee-l li n ol' the eompressinn ends of the cylindvrs hyrominuniraling passages. I prefer to an'ange the passages ll. 25ennneeling (he (-olnpressinn ends hi the cylinders in the manner slinwnin Fig. 3. the two uulside eylinders being eunneeled lugelher and thetwo inside eylinilers being (n.unvvlml together. suas to prodne a nivelyhalaneed engine. hut Ido not limit myself unlit-employnn-nl of farmeyliiuler', nor to the special arrangement of the piss-ages :24. 25shuwn. .\s many eylinders as desired may be empl yed and they will he(oupled together in pairs hy ennnnunimuing passages at lheireninpression ends: The engine nI my invenlinn will thusemnprise eitherumpairol' r-ylinders or as many pairs of cylinders asmay he required ordeemed expedient.

'hat 1 claim as my inyentiun and desire to seeure by Letters-Patent. is:

1. in an internal enmhustion engine. a series of cylinders minim-led inpairs by passages at their runipression ends. and means for admittingair tn one cylinder of a eonneeied pair and the amine fluid to the orherthereof. and for cutting off the air and admitting the motive ilnid l'ovholh eylinders, as uer'asiun may require; snhstantially as s0! forth.

" In an internal coinhnstion engine, a sorios of cylinders eflnneeted inpairs hy pa sages at their (Mlipressiufl ends, inlel pnrls lo all ofsaid eylillders a pipe emnniuni- (-lllli': with all said ports. a valveeasing in said pipe inierinediale llie ey is u! said pairs. :1 holluwvalve: in said 1: having a port adaplmlv In he plaeed int'fllnlnilillillP lion with said pipe at uuc side of said casing or tohe closed l-y said raising: means fur setting said valve, and air andmolire lluid roam-(lions leadin; respeetiwly inio said \ah'v and saidvalve rinsing: substantially as and for the purpusos sot forih.

2!. In an internal cmnhnstion engine. a series uf cylin (lll's'eonneeled in pairs by passages at their compression ends. pistons insaid cylinders. a (Tank-shaft, and rods (-nnneelin; said pisums with thecranks of said Shaft. said rranks heiir; so disposed that the pistons ofthe respeetiye pairs nf eylindors move in unison and in the samedirecli'm. rmnhined with means for adxnillin; air i one cylinder ufmnnerled pair' and the motive lluid to ihe other thereof and for railingoff the air and admitting ilm H10- lire lluid (o huth cylinders, asoccasion may requiro: snh slanlially as set forth.

4. In an internal combustion engine, a pair of eylin dei's eonneeted apass :9 at their cmnpression ends. and means for adniiiting air to oneof said eylinder and lho motive fluid t0 the other thereof and forcutting on the and admitting the motive llnid to hoth cylinders. as "(-1sim: may require snhstauiially as sot forth.

5. in an internal eoinhnstion engine. a pair of c \liuders eunnerlod bya pan-"age at their uonipre sion ends. in let ports in said cylinders, apipe communicating with all said ports. a valve casi in said pipeinlermedhite said rylinders. a' hollow vane in said easingInn-in; a purladapted to he plaeed in rommunieatiun with said pip at one side of saidin; or to he chased by said casing. means for soiling said \'e and airand motive fluid enlillm'linns leading respeel'ively into said valve andsaid valve easing: substantially as and for the purposes set furxh.

Signed arNvw York city. in the county of New York and Slain of New Yorkthis Hth day of July I. limlif I'ILMER S. SMITH.

